Documento de Trabajo

Una revisión de la reforma del sistema escolar en Chile (A review of school reform in Chile)

Este artículo describe los principales componentes de la reforma del sistema escolar chileno, así como sus antecedentes fundamentales, y evalúa los principales desafíos pendientes. La primera parte describe los principales componentes de los programas de mejoramiento del sistema escolar y sus fundamentos teóricos. Se analizan también los cambios relacionados con la gestión y el financiamiento

Education and Income Distribution: New Evidence from Cross-country Data

This paper presents empirical evidence on how education is related to income distribution in a panel data set of a broad range of countries for a period between 1960 and 1990. The findings indicate that education factors – higher attainment and more equal distribution of education – play a significant role in making income distribution

Flexibilidad, jornada laboral y sistemas de turnos: Efectos de la legislación en empleo y producto (Flexibility, workday, and shift systems: The effects of legislation on employment and output)

La flexibilización del mercado del trabajo es un requisito para lograr mayores niveles de empleo y conseguir una mejor adaptación de la fuerza de trabajo a las cambiantes condiciones económicas. Este artículo identifica las restricciones que impone la normativa laboral chilena respecto a la jornada laboral, en especial en el tema del trabajo en turnos

Toll Competition Among Congested Roads

A growing number of roads are currently financed by the private sector via Build-Operate-and-Transfer (BOT) schemes. When the franchised road has no close substitute, the government must regulate tolls. Yet when there are many ways of getting from one point to another, regulation may be avoided by allowing competition between several franchise owners. This paper

El índice de precios al consumidor y el costo de la vida (The consumer price index and the cost of living)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo ilustrar las diferencias en que se puede incurrir al estimar el aumento del costo de vida mediante el IPC, u otros índices de precios, con respecto al índice de precios verdaderos (IPV). Este índice es el que se debería usar si se quiere reajustar el ingreso de un individuo de

A Note on Enforcement Spending and Vat Revenues

Estimating the impact of changes in enforcement spending is of interest to tax authorities and policymakers. The literature on tax compliance usually focuses on the effect that these changes have on tax evasion, whish makes it difficult to obtain reliable estimates, since evasion data are often suspect, particularly so in developing countries. This note show

Infraestructure Franchising and Government Guarantees

Government guarantees for private infrastructure projects reduce the incentives of firms to perform efficiently, weaken the incentives to screen projects for white elephants, and shift government obligations to future periods. Thus the uses of guarantees needs to be limited, and they need to be carefully designed. Franchising schemes should in principle assign risk to the

Factores que inciden en el rendimiento escolar en Bolivia (Factors effecting school performance in Bolivia)

Mejorar la calidad educativa es una de las tareas prioritarias en América Latina y particularmente en países como Bolivia, donde la educación ha comenzado a ser un tema crucial en la agenda pública, especialmente a partir de 1994 cuando se implementa una nueva Reforma Educativa. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar los factores que

Oferta laboral y seguro de desempleo: Estimaciones para la economía chilena.

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una estimación de oferta laboral para Chile, y luego, utilizar los resultados obtenidos para estimar el impacto de diferentes esquemas institucionales de seguro de desempleo sobre la decisión de trabajar de los individuos. En la primera parte del estudio se estiman dos modelos de oferta de trabajo, diferenciados

The Chilean Infrastructure Concessions Program: Evaluation, Lessons and Prospects for the Future

This paper describes and evaluates the Chilean infrastructure concessions program, which is one of the main economic innovations carried out by the center-left coalition of political parties that has governed Chile since the return to democracy in 1990. The main principles underlying the economics of franchising are discussed and used to evaluate the program, thereby

Poverty and Macroeconomic Policies: Chile 1987-1994

Poverty has declined substantially since 1987 in Chile. Has this reduction in poverty benefited all groups and regions? Are this specific sectors of the economy that have been left out of this reduction? These and other question are discussed in this paper. To do so, we characterize the poor in terms of education, employment, demographics

Liquidity Crises in Emerging Markets: Theory and Policy

We build a model of financial sector illiquidity in an open economy. Illiquidity –defined as a situation in which a country’s consolidated financial system has potential short-term obligations in foreign currency that exceed the amount of foreign currency it can have access to on short notice– can be associated with self fulfilling bank and/or currency